The announcements for the 2025 Nobel Prizes have just begun (as of October 6, 2025).
Here are the laureates who have been announced so far:
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to three scientists "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance."
The laureates, who share the prestigious award, are:
Mary E. Brunkow (USA),
Fred Ramsdell (USA),
Shimon Sakaguchi (Japan).
Their groundbreaking work has provided essential understanding of how the body's immune system is regulated to prevent it from attacking its own tissues (autoimmune diseases). These discoveries have laid the foundation for new treatments for both autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Alfred Nobel, the invent tor of dynamite, once branded the "merchant of death".
The Nobel story starts with Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor born in 1833. Nobel was brilliant, restless, and endlessly curious. He spoke several languages, held more than 350 patents, and made his fortune by developing explosives, most famously dynamite. While dynamite had practical uses in mining and construction, it also had devastating potential in war.
In 1888, when Alfred's brother Ludvig died, newspapers mistakenly ran Alfred's obituary. One French paper called him the "merchant of death." Imagine reading your own obituary and discovering the world remembered you not as a genius but as a profiteer of violence. That moment haunted Nobel.
So, he made a decision that stunned his contemporaries. In his will, he directed the majority of his fortune - the equivalent of about $250 million today - to fund prizes that would recognise people who "conferred the greatest benefit to humankind."