The main transmission mechanism is straightforward. The Gulf crisis affects European real estate not directly, but through higher energy prices, higher inflation expectations and more expensive money. The ECB said in March that the war in the Middle East had made the outlook “significantly more uncertain”, creating upside risks to inflation and downside risks to growth, and it revised its 2026 headline inflation projection up to 2.6% because energy prices would be higher. Even after the ceasefire announcement, Reuters reported that oil remained about 40% above pre-conflict levels, which means the inflation shock has eased from panic territory but not disappeared.





