China remains the world’s largest importer of oil and one of the largest importers of natural gas. Its energy vulnerability is shaped not only by the volume of imports, but also by the geography of supply: a significant share of oil and part of LNG shipments pass through Middle Eastern maritime routes, including the Strait of Hormuz. Therefore, any escalation in the Strait of Hormuz directly affects China’s energy security, logistics, prices, refinery margins and Beijing’s foreign-policy negotiations.
In 2024, China imported around 11.1 million barrels of crude oil per day, covering approximately 74% of the country’s apparent oil consumption. The five largest suppliers — Russia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Iraq and Oman — accounted for roughly two thirds of China’s oil imports.


